Population explosion-Unemployment

Meaning of Population Explosion:

In common parlance, the term specifically refers to the relationship of human population to the planet. Overpopulation is not the number of people, but rather the number of people/in comparison to the resources they need to survive. In other words, a ratio — population number: resource amount.

Resources include: clean water, food, shelter, warmth, and cultivable land. Other lesser resources include: jobs, money, education, fuel, power, medicine, proper sewage and garbage management, and transportation. It has often been argued that future pressures on food production, combined with threats to other aspects of the earth’s habitat, make overpopulation a still more serious threat in the future.

Malthus’s theory;

Early in the Malthus argued populations would continue to grow until they would become too large to be supported by the food grown on available agricultural land. He proposed that, while resources tend to grow arithmetically, population exponentially. At that point, the population would be restrained through mass famine and starvation. Malthus argued for control measures through "moral restraint", to avoid this happening. As the population exceeds the amount of resources the population lowers, since the lack of resources causes mortality to increase. This process keeps the population in check and ensures it doesn’t exceed the amount of resources

Effects of unregulated population growth;

The world’s current agricultural production, if it were distributed evenly, would be sufficient to feed everyone living on the Earth today. However, many critics hold that, in the absence of other measures, simply feeding the world’s population well would only make matters worse, natural growth will cause the population to grow to unsustainable levels

Some other characteristics of overpopulation:

• Birth rate is high low life expectancy,
• Low literacy,
• High rate of unemployment village people are not gainfully employed (caught in cycle of poverty
• Insufficient cultivable land Little surplus food Poor diet with ill health and diet-deficiency diseases ,
• GDP per capita is low (under US$765 per annum)
• Many live in unhygienic conditions,
• Government is stretched economically
• High crime from people who steal resources to survive,
• House price would increase,
• Living condition would get worse, which may cause more disease, and thus tax might be increased support hospital
• Unemployment rate might increase (which may trig more crime)
• of the land available for agriculture
• Medicine shortages; the largest shortage for important resources is of medicine. A shortage of educated people can lead to a shortage of doctors. Fewer doctors in a population cause the price of medical bills and health insurance to rise higher than lower income people can afford of social and economic issues, Such as land prices and housing costs. For example, relatively densely populated countries have higher land prices than less densely populated countries and even in that country, land prices have doubled and redoubled as the population has increased. It is sometimes argued that reducing the populations of some areas, such as large cities, would have positive benefits for these reasons
• It has been rightly said that population explosion is one of the mother of all social problems, Population becomes a bane when a country is unable to provide it basic needs and necessities of life, We are facing enormous social and psychological problems due to over population, There is need to pay full concentration to control run away population, so that we can make our human resource useful by providing proper education and technical skills.
• The problems due to overpopulation in any country are what you see in everyday news and on the streets. Poverty, unemployment, terrorism, high crime rate, load shedding, lowers human development index, food crises, electricity crises, water crises, and extremism. When resources are scarce and demand is high, people would do whatever they can to snatch on anything that they what they want to survive. Population grows exponentially, where as there is no way to make resources grow exponentially as well. So contrary to popular myth, over population is not a blessing.
• Problems of population explosion:

1. Illiteracy is the main problem in the society today. Every other problem arises from illiteracy in one way or the other. With lack of education the standard of living decreases and fraud increases.

2. Unemployment and underemployment:

Effects of human overpopulation;

• Inadequate fresh water Depletion of natural resources,
• Deforestation and loss of ecosystems that sustain global atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide balance; about eight million hectares of forest are lost each year. <br />
• Irreversible loss of due Deforestation and desertification can be reversed by adopting property rights, and this policy is successful even while the human population continues to grow.
• High infant and child mortality High rates of infant mortality are caused by poverty. Rich countries with high population densities have low rates of infant mortality
• Increased chance of the emergence of new diseases
• For many environmental and social reasons, including overcrowded living conditions,
• Poverty coupled with inflation in some regions and a resulting low level of capital formation. Poverty and inflation are aggravated by bad government and bad economic policies. Many countries with high population densities have eliminated absolute poverty and keep their inflation rates very low. Low life expectancy in countries with fastest growing populations
• Unhygienic living conditions for many based upon water resource depletion, discharge of raw sewage and solid waste disposal. However, this problem can be reduced with the adoption of sewers.
• Elevated crime rate due to drug cartels and increased theft by people stealing resources to survive Conflict over scarce resources and crowding, leading to increased levels of warfare Less Personal Freedom / More Restrictive Laws. Laws regulate interactions between humans. Legislation "serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people." The higher the population density, the more frequent such interactions become, and thus there develops a need for more laws and/or more restrictive laws to regulate these interactions.

Mitigation measures;

• While the current world trends are not indicative of any realistic solution to human overpopulation during the 21st century, there are several mitigation measures that have or can be applied to reduce the adverse impacts of overpopulation. All of these mitigations are ways to implement social norms.
• Overpopulation is an issue that threatens the state of the environment in the above-mentioned ways and therefore societies must make a change in order to reverse some of the environmental effects brought on by current social norms. In societies like China, the government has put policies in place that regulate the number of children allowed to a couple. Other societies have already begun to implement social marketing strategies in order to educate the public on overpopulation effects. "The intervention can be widespread and done at a low cost. A variety of print materials (flyers, brochures, fact sheets, stickers) needs to be produced and distributed throughout the communities such as at local places of worships, sporting events, local food markets, schools and at car parks (taxis / bus stands). Such prompts work to introduce the problem so that social norms are easier to implement. Certain government policies are making it easier and more socially acceptable to use contraception and abortion methods.
• Education and empowerment;
• One option is to focus on educating about overpopulation, family planning, birth control measures and intrauterine devices easily available. Some 80 million pregnancies – nearly 40% of the total each year – are unplanned. An estimated 350 million women in the poorest countries of the world either did not want their last child, do not want another child or want to space their pregnancies, but they lack access to information, affordable means and services to determine the size and spacing of their families
• Remedial measures:

To solve the problem of population explosion the following measures are suggested.

1. Family planning: The most important method for reducing the growth of population is family planning. Couples should have children not by chance but by choice. The voluntary methods of family planning are

a) Moral restraint The use of birth control methods

2. Late marriage: By increasing the age of marriage. The present age of marriages is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It must be increased.

3. Education: education would induce the people to adopt family planning measures.

4. Rapid economic development. Rapid economic development increases the employment opportunity, standard of living and birth rate to fall.

5. Urbanization: Almost all facilities medical, health, educational etc. are available in towns which help to reduce the birth rate.

• Unemployment ;

In macro-economic indicators there are three things in particular that the subject macro-economic problems. First is the problem of economic growth. Economic growth can be categorized as good if positive growth figures rather than negative. Second is the problem of inflation. Inflation is an indicator movement of prices of goods and services generally, which simultaneously also associated with purchasing power

Inflation reflects the stability price, the lower the value of an inflation means that the greater presence the tendency towards price stability. But the inflation problem is not only associated with the skyrocketing prices of goods and services. Inflation also is closely associated with the purchasing power. While the purchasing power of the community relies heavily on real wages. Inflation actually not too problematic if the price increase coupled with increase in real wages.

The third problem is unemployment. Indeed the problem unemployment has become a scourge that so frightening, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Developing countries often faced with large unemployment figures due to the narrowness of the field jobs and the size of the population. Narrowness of the field work because of factors due to the scarcity of capital to invest.

Problem unemployment itself is not only happening in developing countries but also experienced by developed countries. But the problem of unemployment in developed countries much more easily resolved than in countries evolved because it only related to the ebb and flow of business cycles and rather than because of the scarcity of investment, the problem of population explosion, political or social problems in the country.

There are various types of unemployment, for example, technological unemployment, and unemployment frictional and structural unemployment. High unemployment, problem of population explosion, the unequal distribution of income, and various other problems in our country became one of the main factors the low standard of living of the population in our country. However, the main manifestation of both factors causing the low standard of living in developing countries is the limited absorption of resources, including human resources. Compared with developed countries, resource utilization by developing countries relative lower than in developed countries due to poor efficiency and effectiveness of the use of resources both natural resources and human resources. Two main causes of low utilization human resource management is that the unemployment rate and level disguised unemployment are too high and continue to soar.

Full or open unemployment that is composed of people who actually able and willing to work, but will not get the fieldwork altogether.

It is very much essential for any country to take necessary initiatives in controlling its population. The best way of doing this is by educating the people about the benefits of having small families. Governments can advertise several films and documentaries showing the benefits like saving money, less domestic problems and more happiness. Also, governments can introduce new policies, which give benefits people having children restricted to one or two. For example, Chinas infamous single child policy. China claims that this policy has avoided more than 50 million births in the country which helped reducing its population hugely. Furthermore, government should conduct campaigns in rural areas where media is hard to reach. In these campaigns government can organize free health checkups attracting more number of people and suggest them on several medical problems which include the family planning benefits.

Summing up, several policies and educational programs can help reducing the population growth.